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Chemical Coordination And Integration

Q1. Which of the following acts on bones?

  1. Melatonin
  2. Triiodothyronine
  3. GH
  4. Parathyroid
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Ans: 4. Parathyroid
Explanation:
Parathyroid hormone acts on bones and stimulates the process of bone resorption.

Q2. Which of the following is not a result of action of cortisol?

  1. RBC Production.
  2. Lipolysis.
  3. WBC production.
  4. Maintenance of Blood pressure.
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Ans: 3. WBC production.

Q3. Anabolic steroids are __ versions of testosterone.

  1. Effective
  2. Synthetic
  3. Natural
  4. Ineffective
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Ans: 2. Synthetic

Q4. Corpus luteum secretes a hormone called:

  1. Prolactin.
  2. Progesterone.
  3. Aldosterone.
  4. Testosterone.
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Ans: 2. Progesterone.
Explanation:

Corpus luteum of the ovary secretes progesterone, and relaxin. Prolactin is secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland. Aldosterone is
a principal mineralocortioid secreted by the adrenal cortex and testosterone is secreted by the Leydig’s cells in the testes.

Q5. What is the full form of ACTH?

  1. Adenocorticotrophic hormone.
  2. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
  3. Adenocorticoid hormone.
  4. Adrenocorticoid hormone.
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Ans: 2. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone.

Q6. The gonadotropic hormones are produced in:

  1. Interstitial cells of testes.
  2. Adrenal cortex.
  3. Adenohypophysis of pituitary.
  4. Posterior part of thyroid.
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Ans: 3. Adenohypophysis of pituitary.

Q7. The phase of menstrual cycle in humans that lasts for 7-8 days, is:

  1. Menstruation.
  2. Luteal phase.
  3. Follicular phase.
  4. Ovulatory phase
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Ans: 4. Ovulatory phase.

Q9. Hormones are called chemical signals that stimulate specific target tissues. Their action depends on the
presence of receptors on the respective target tissues. Which of the following is the correct location of the receptors in the case of protein hormones?

  1. Extra cellular matrix.
  2. Blood.
  3. Plasma membrane.
  4. Nucleus.
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Ans: 3. Plasma membrane.

Explanation:
Hormones of protein nature binds to specific receptor molecules located on the plasma membrane to form the hormone receptor
complex.

Q10. Which one of the following hormones stimulates the “let down” (release) of milk from the mother’s breasts when
the baby is sucking?

  1. Progesterone
  2. Oxytocin
  3. Prolactin
  4. Relaxin
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Ans: 2. Oxytocin

Q11. Which of the following organs in mammals does not consist of a central medullary region surrounded by a
cortical region?

  1. Ovary.
  2. Adrenal.
  3. Liver.
  4. Kidney.
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Ans: 3. Liver.

Explanation:
The liver, the largest gland of the body surrounded by the abdominal cavity, is the only organs from the above-mentioned options that does
not consist of a central ‘medullary’ region, surrounded by a cortical region. Rest three options, i.e., ovary, adrenal and kidney bear a
prominent ‘medullary and cortical region’.

Q12. Which of the following hormones is not a secretion product of the human placenta?

  1. Human chorionic gonadotropin.
  2. Prolactin.
  3. Estrogen.
  4. Progesterone.
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Ans: 2. Prolactin.

Q13. Hormones are produced at a particular centralized site and transported throughout the organism by means of:

  1. Cellular communication.
  2. An integrated neural pathway system.
  3. A series of synapses.
  4. An internal transport system.
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Ans: 4. An internal transport system.

Q16. Which of the following glands grows to the maximum size at puberty and then diminishes gradually?

  1. Thymus
  2. Thyroid
  3. Pituitary
  4. Adrenal
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Ans: 1. Thymus

Q17. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) is produced by:

  1. Anterior pituitary.
  2. Posterior pituitary.
  3. Pars intermedia of pituitary.
  4. Parathyroid.
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Ans: 3. Pars intermedia of pituitary.

Q18. Cortisol is secreted by:

  1. Pancrease.
  2. Thyroid.
  3. Adrenal.
  4. Thymus.
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Ans: 3. Adrenal.

Explanation:
Adrenal or suprarenal glands are paired structures located on the top of the kidneys. The cells of zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex
secretes mainly glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids include three main hormones: cortisol (= hydrocortisone), corticosterone, and
cortisone. They effect carbohydrate metabolism, however, they also affect the metabolism of proteins and fats.

Q19. Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone?

  1. Insulin
  2. Gonadotrophin
  3. Somatostatin
  4. Thymosin
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Ans: 3. Somatostatin

Explanation:
Hypothalamus produces two kinds of hormones: releasing hormone and inhibiting hormones.
GnRH is releasing hormone which stimulates pituitary synthesis.
Somatostatin inhibits the release of GH from the pituitary.

Q20. Gastric secretion is stopped by hormone.

  1. Enterogesterone
  2. Gastrin
  3. Pancryeozymin
  4. Cholecystokinin
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Ans: 1. Enterogesterone

Q21. In children, hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland) can lead to __.

  1. Goiter
  2. Acromegaly
  3. Cretinism
  4. Myxoedema
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Ans: 3. Cretinism

Q22. A hormone responsible for normal sleep-wake cycle is:

  1. Epinephrine.
  2. Gastrin.
  3. Melatonin.
  4. Insulin.
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Ans: 3. Melatonin.

Explanation:
Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland. Immediately above the optic chiasma (in the brain) in a nucleus, is present
melatonin receptors that react to this hormone and synchronize the nucleus to the 24-hour day/ night rhythm, thus informing the brain
when it is day and when it is night.

Q23. In adults, insufficient thyroxine can lead to __.

  1. Goiter
  2. Tetany
  3. Cretinism
  4. Myxoedema
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Ans: 4. Myxoedema

Q24. Steroid-based hormones are able to act inside the cell. This is possible because:

  1. Proteins carry them into the cell.
  2. Hormones must interact with the nucleus to have an effect.
  3. There are no receptors for hormones on the cell surface.
  4. Steroid-based hormones are hydrophobic molecules that can pass through the cell membrane.
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Ans: 4. Steroid-based hormones are hydrophobic molecules that can pass through the cell membrane.

Q25. Which of the following radioactive isotope is used in the detection of thyroid cancer?

  1. Iodine-131
  2. Carbon-14
  3. Uranium-238
  4. Phosphorus-32
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Ans: 1. Iodine-131

Q26. Which of the following conditions is not linked to deficiency of thyroid hormones?

  1. Cretinism.
  2. Goitre.
  3. Myxedema.
  4. Exophthalmia.
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Ans: 4. Exophthalmia.
Explanation:
Hypothyroidism is a disorder caused by to deficiency of thyroid hormone. It may lead to cretinism, myxoedema, simple goiter,
Hashimoto’s disease. Exophthalmic goiter is thyroid enlargement in which the thyroid secretes an excessive amount of thyroid hormone.

Q27. Secretion of pancreas and gall bladder is influenced by which hormone?

  1. Gastrin.
  2. Secretin.
  3. Cholecystokinin.
  4. Gastric Inhibitory Peptide.
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Ans: 3. Cholecystokinin.

Q28. Melatonin is secreted by:

  1. Skin.
  2. Thymus.
  3. Pituitary.
  4. Pineal gland.
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Ans: 4. Pineal gland.

Q29. The technique used for the estimation of minute amounts of hormones and drugs is called.

  1. Electroencephalogram.
  2. Fractionation.
  3. Radioimmunoassay.
  4. None of these.
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Ans: 3. Radioimmunoassay.

Q30. Which one of the following is not a second messenger in hormone action?

  1. cGMP
  2. Sodium
  3. Calcium
  4. cAMP
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Ans: 2. Sodium