Breathing And Exchange of Gases

Q1. The carbon dioxide is transported via the blood to the lungs as:

1. Dissolved in blood plasma.
2. In the form of carbonic acid only.
3. In combination with hemoglobin only.
4. Carbaminohaemoglobin and as carbonic acid.

Q2. Which one of the following is a possibility for most of us in regard to breathing, by making a conscious effort?

1. The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air from them.
2. One can breathe out air totally without oxygen.
3. One can breathe out air through eustachian tubes by closing both the nose and the mouth.
4. One can consciously breath in and breath out by moving the diaphragm alone, without moving the ribs at
   all.

Q3. During inspiration, the air is brought into the lungs by the working of the thoracoabdominal pump whereby the:

1. Abdominal muscles relax.
2. Chest muscles pull the ribs up and out to widen the thoracic cavity.
3. Diaphragm contracts to lengthen the thoracic cavity.
4. All of the above.

Q4. What is the residual volume of air in a normal human?

1. 1 to 1.1 litre.
2. 1.1 to 1.2 litre.
3. 1.2 to 1.3 litre.
4. 1.3 to 1.0 litre.

Q5. Mark the incorrect statement in context to O binding to Hb:

1. Higher pH.
2. Lower temperature.
3. Lower pCO₂
4. `Higher pO₂

Q6. RBCs, plasma and bio-carbonate are the medium for transport of carbon dioxide. Maximum amount of carbon
dioxide is carried by:

1. RBCs
2. Plasma
3. Bicarbonates
4. All RBCs and bicarbonate carried 70 percent of carbon dioxide.

Q7. The respiratory process is regulated by certain specialized centres in the brain. One of the following listed centres can
reduce the inspiratory duration upon stimulation:

1. Medullary inspiratory centre.
2. Pneumotaxic centre.
3. Apneustic centre.
4. Chemosensitive centre.

Q8. The function of pneumotaxic centre is:

1. Regulate inspiration.
2. Regulate rhythm.
3. Increase heart rate.
4. All of the above.

Q9. People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at an
altitude of 5400 metre have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude.

1. Atmospheric O level is less and hence, more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of O to
   survive.
2. There is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production.
3. People eat more nutritive food, therefore, more RBCs are formed.
4. People get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available.

Q10. Bulk of carbon dioxide (CO ) released from body tissues into the blood is present as:

1. Bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs.
2. 70% carbamino- haemoglobin and 30% as bicarbonate.
3. Carbamino-haemoglobin in RBCs.
4. Free CO in blood plasma.

Q11. Blood analysis of a patient reveals an unusually high quantity of carboxyhaemoglobin content. Which of the
following conclusions is most likely to be correct?

1. The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing unusually high content of carbon disulphide.
2. The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing unusually high content of chloroform.
3. The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing unusually high content of carbon dioxide.
4. The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing unusually high content of carbon monoxide.

Q12. Pleura is a layer covering.

1. Heart
2. Kidneys
3. Lungs
4. Brain

Q13. The incidence of emphysema-a respiratory disorder is high in cigarette smokers. In such cases:

1. The bronchioles are found damaged.
2. The alveolar walls are found damaged.
3. The plasma membrane is found damaged.
4. The respiratory muscles are found damaged.

Q14. The quantity 1500mL in the respiratory volumes of a normal human adult refers to:

1. Maximum air that can be breathed in and breathed out.
2. Residual volume.
3. Expiratory reserve volume.
4. Total lung capacity

Q15. Regarding the functions of our respiratory system, mark the wrong entry:

1. Humidifies the air.
2. Warms up the air.
3. Exchange of gases.
4. Cleans up the air.

Q16. In breathing movements, air volume can be estimated by:

1. Stethoscope.
2. Hygrometer.
3. Sphygmomanometer.
4. Spirometer.

Q17. The exchange of gases in the alveoli of the lungs takes place by:

1. Simple diffusion.
2. Osmosis.
3. Active transport.
4. Passive transport.

Q18. Which part of the respiratory tract functions as sound box?

1. Pharynx.
2. Larynx.
3. Trachea.
4. Bronchi.

Q19. Arrange the following terms based on their volumes in ascending order:

1. Tidal Volume (TV).
2. Residual Volume (RV).
3. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (1RV).
4. Expiratory Capacity (EC).

Q20. Which of the following statements is true about Trachea in a respiratory system?

1. It functions as passages of air to each alveolus.
2. It functions for sound production.
3. It Acts as passage of air to bronchi.
4. It Lowers the surface tension.

Q21. The structure which does not contribute to the breathing movements in mammals is:

1. Diaphragm.
2. Ribs.
3. Intercostal muscles.
4. Larynx.

Q22. Two friends are eating together on a dining table. One of them suddenly starts coughing while swallowing some
food. This coughing would have been due to improper movement of:

1. Epiglottis
2. Diaphragm
3. Neck
4. Tongue

Q23. Haemoglobin transports carbon dioxide in the form of:

1. Carboxyhaemoglobin.
2. Carbonic acid.
3. Carbaminohaemoglobin.
4. Carbonates.

Q24. In brain, respiratory control centre lies in:

1. Pons.
2. Medulla oblongata.
3. Hypothalamus.
4. Cerebrum.

Q25. What would happen if human blood becomes acidic (low pH)

1. Oxygen carying capacity of haemoglobin increases.
2. RBCs count increases.
3. RBCs count decreases.
4. Oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin decreases.

Q26. Aerobic respiratory pathway is also termed as __ pathway.

1. Anabolic.
2. Catabolic.
3. Creatine phosphate.
4. Amphibolic.

Q27. Even when there is no air in it, human trachea does not collapse due to presence of:

1. Turgid pressure.
2. Cartilaginous rings.
3. Bony rings.
4. Chitinous rings.

Q28. The structure which prevents the entry of food and water into the wind pipe (trachea) is:

1. Tonsil.
2. Adam’s apple.
3. Glottis.
4. Epiglottis.

Q29. __ lies in front of esophagus.

1. Trachea
2. Glottis
3. Larynx
4. Epiglottis

Q30. The double-membrane covering of lungs is called:

1. Meninges.
2. Perichondrium.
3. Pleura.
4. Pericardium.