Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Question 1 A.T.S. of a young dicot root can be distinguished from that of a young dicot stem by the presence of:

1. Radial arrangement of xylem and phloem.
2. Collateral arrangement of xylem and phloem.
3. Interfascicular cambium.
4. Intra fascicular cambium.

Q2. In a longitudinal section of root, starting from the tip upward, the four zones occur in the 3 following order:

1. Root cap, cell division, cell enlargement, cell maturation.
2. Root cap, cell division, cell maturation, cell enlargement.
3. Cell division, cell enlargement, cell maturation, root cap.
4. Cell division, cell maturation, cell enlargement, root cap.

Q3. Which one of the following cell types always divides by anticlinal cell division?

1. Fusiform initial cells.
2. Root cap.
3. Protoderm.
4. Phellogen.

Q4. Commercial cork is obtained from:

1. Berberis/ Barberry.
2. Salix/ Willow.
3. Quercus/ Oak.
4. Betula/ Birch.

Q5. An organized and differentiated cellular structure having cytoplasm but no nucleus is:

1. Vessels.
2. Xylem parenchyma.
3. Sieve tubes.
4. Tracheid.

Q6. Abnormal/ anomalous secondary growth occurs in:

1. Dracaena.
2. Ginger.
3. Wheat.
4. Sunflower.

Q7. Y-shaped arrangement of xylem vessels is found in:

1. Monocot stem.
2. Monocot root.
3. Both.
4. . None of these.

Q8. Companion cells in angiosperms are associated with:

1. Xylem vessels.
2. Guard cells.
3. Xylem tracheids.
4. Sieve tubes.

Q9. Which of the following meristems is responsible for extrastelar secondary growth in dicotyledonous stem?

1. Intrafascicular cambium.
2. Interfascicular cambium.
3. Intercalary meristem.
4. Phellogen.

Q10. A leaf primordium grows into the adult leaf lamina by means of:

1. Apical meristem.
2. Lateral meristem.
3. Marginal meristem.
4. At first by apical meristem and later largely by marginal meristem.

Q11. Which one of the following is not a lateral meristem?

1. Intrafascicular cambium.
2. Interfascicular cambium.
3. Phellogen.
4. Intercalary meristem.

Q12. Loading of phloem is related to:

1. Increase of sugar in phloem.
2. Elongation of phloem cell.
3. Separation of phloem parenchyma.
4. Strengthening of phloem fibre.

Q13. A piece of wood having no vessels (trachea) must be belonging to:

1. Teak.
2. Mango.
3. Pine.
4. Palm.

Q14. After the secondary growth, the oldest layer of secondary phloem in a dicot stem is located.

1. Just outside the vascular cambium.
2. Just inside the vascular cambium.
3. Just inside the vascular phloem.
4. Just outside the secondary xylem.

Q15. The youngest layer of secondary xylem in a dicot stem undergoing secondary growth, is located:

1. Between pith and primary xylem.
2. Just outside the vascular cambium.
3. Just inside the vascular cambium.
4. Just inside the cork cambium.

Q16. A plant tissue, when stained, showed the presence of hemicellulose and pectin in cell wall of its cells. The tissue
represents:

1. Collenchyma.
2. Sclerenchyma.
3. Xylem.
4. Meristem.

Q17. A common structural feature of vessel elements and sieve tube elements are:

1. Pores on lateral walls.
2. Presence of p-protein.
3. Enucleate condition.
4. Thick secondary walls.

Q18. Vascular cambium produces.

1. Primary xylem and primary phloem.
2. Secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
3. Primary xylem and secondary phloem.
4. Secondary xylem and primary phloem.

Q19. Monocot leaves possess.

1. Intercalary meristem.
2. Lateral meristem.
3. Apical meristem.
4. Mass meristem.

Q20. How many shoot apical meristems are likely to be present in a twig of a plant possessing, 4 branches and 26
leaves?

1. 26
2. 1
3. 5
4. 30

Q21. A narrow layer of thin walled cells found between phloem/ bark and wood of a dicot is:

1. Vascular cambium.
2. Pericycle.
3. Cork cambium.
4. Endodermis.

Q22. Vessels differ from tracheids.

1. In being living.
2. In being derived from a single cell.
3. In that they consist of vertical row of cells with cross walls dissolved.
4. In coducting water and minerals.

Q23. Where do the Casparian bands occur?

1. Epidermis.
2. Endodermis.
3. Pericycle.
4. Phloem.

Q24. Which part is responsible for growth of roots?

1. Region of meristematic activity.
2. Region of Elongation.
3. Root cap.
4. Both (a) and (b)

Q25. In a monocot leaf.

1. Bulliform cells are absent from the eqidermis.
2. Veins from a network.
3. Mesophyll is well differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.
4. Mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.

Q26. The annular and spirally thickened conducting elements generally develop in the protoxylem when the root or
stem is:

1. Widening.
2. Differentiating.
3. Maturing.
4. Elongating.

Q27. Which is correct about transport or conduction of substances?

1. Organic food moves upwardly and downwardly through phloem.
2. Inorganic food moves upwardly and downwardly through xylem.
3. Organic food moves up through phloem.
4. Organic food moves up through phloem.

Q28. Procambium forms:

1. Only primary vascular bundles.
2. Only vascular cambium.
3. Only cork cambium.
4. Primary vascular bundles and vascular cambium.

Q29. Which of the following shows modification of stem for food storage?

1. Carrot.
2. Turnip.
3. Ginger.
4. None of these.

Q31. Starting from periphery and going towards centre which is the correct sequence of different whorls of a flower?

1. Corolla, Calyx, Gynoecium, Androecium.
2. Calyx, Corolla, Gynoecium, Androecium.
3. Calyx, Corolla, Androecium, Gynoecium.
4. Either (b) or (c).

Q32. In conifers, fibers are likely to be absent in:

1. Secondary phloem.
2. Secondary xylem.
3. Primary phloem.
4. Leaves.

Q33. Root hair arises from:

1. Epiblema.
2. Endodermis.
3. Pericycle.
4. Cortex.

Q34. Which of the following plants shows parallel venation?

1. Banana.
2. Peepal.
3. Mango.
4. Black Gram.

Q35. Which of the following is true about heartwood?

1. They are dead but gives mechanical support to stem.
2. They are light in colour.
3. They conduct water and minerals.
4. 1 and 3.

Q36. Fusifrom initial cells of cambium from:

1. Vascular rays.
2. Tracheary elements.
3. Ray parenchyma.
4. Phloem parenchyma.

Q38. Cork cambium and vascular cambium are:

1. Parts of secondary xylem and phloem.
2. Parts of pericycle.
3. Lateral meristems.
4. Apical meristems.

Q39. For a critical study of secondary growth in plants, which one of the following pairs is suitable?

1. Sugarcane and sunflower.
2. Teak and pine.
3. Deodar and fern.
4. Wheat and maiden hair fern.

Q40. Epidermis is absent in:

1. Root tip and shoot tip.
2. Ovule and seed.
3. Shoot bud and floral bud.
4. Petiole and pedice.

Q41. Callose deposition is found in:

1. Tracheids.
2. Companion cells.
3. Sieve areas.
4. Phloem parenchyma.

Q42. In a woody dicotyledonous tree, which of the following parts will mainly consist of primary tissues?

1. All parts.
2. Stem and root.
3. Flowers, fruits and leaves.
4. Shoot tips and root tips.

Q43. The common bottle cork is a product of:

1. Phellogen.
2. Vascular cambium.
3. Dermatogen.
4. Xylem.

Q44. The fascicular cambium and cork cambium are examples of:

1. Apical meristem moltada too.
2. Lateral meristem.
3. Intercalary meristem.
4. Primary meristem.

Q45. In land plants, the guard cells differ from other epidermal cells in having.

1. Chloroplasts.
2. Mitochondria.
3. Cytoskeleton.
4. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Q46. Passage cells occur in:

1. Root epidermis.
2. Root endodermis s ion.
3. Stem epidermiston.
4. Stem endodermis.

Q47. What is the function of endosperm in seeds?

1. Providing nutrition during dormant phase.
2. Providing nutrition during germination.
3. Providing nutrition to new leaves.
4. All of the above.

Q48. Select the part of seed which grows to become stem.

1. Plumule.
2. Cotyledons.
3. Radicle.
4. Endosperm.

Q49. Organization of stem apex into corpus and tunica is determined mainly by:

1. Planes of cell division.
2. Regions of meristematic activity.
3. Rate of cell growth.
4. Rate of shoot tip growth.

Q50. Stem grows in girth due to:

1. Outer cortical.
2. Epidermis.
3. Vascular cambium.
4. Phellogen.

Q51. What happens during vascularization in plants?

1. Differentiation of procambium is immediately followed by the development of secondary xylem and
   phloem.
2. Differentiation of procambium followed by the development of xylem and phloem.
3. Differentiation of procambium, xylem and phloem is simultaneous.
4. Differentiation of procambium followed by the development of primary phloem and then by primary xylem.

Q52. Which of the following plant shows multiple epidermis?

1. Nerium.
2. Croton.
3. Allium.
4. Cucurbita.

Q53. Chlorenchyma is known to develop in the.

1. Pollen tube of Pinus.
2. Cytoplasm of Chlorella.
3. Mycelium of a green mould such as Aspergillus.
4. Spore capsule of a moss

Q54. Cells of this tissue are living and show angular wall thickening. They also provide mechanical support. The tissue
is:

1. Xylem.
2. Sclerenchyma.
3. Collenchyma.
4. Epidermis.

Q55. The quiescent centre in root meristem serves as a.

1. Reserve for replenishment of damaged cells of the meristem.
2. Region for absorption of water.
3. Reservoir of growth hormones.
4. Site for storage of food which is utilized during maturation.

Q56. A vessel less piece of stem possessing prominent sieve tubes would belong to:

1. Pinus.
2. Eucalyptus.
3. Grass.
4. Trochodendron.

Q57. Anatomically fairly old dicotyledonous root is distinguished from the dicotyledonous stem by:

1. Presence of cortex.
2. Position of protoxylem.
3. Absence of secondary xylem.
4. Absence of secondary phloem.

Q58. Onion shows modification of which part of plant?

1. Roots.
2. Stem.
3. Leaf.
4. Fruit.

Q59. As the secondary growth takes place (proceeds) in a tree, thickness of:

1. Heartwood increases.
2. Sapwood increases.
3. Both increase.
4. Both remain the same.

Q60. What is the function of adventitious roots?

1. Anchorage.
2. Vegetative Propagation.
3. Food Storage.
4. Oxygen intake.

Q61. In which of the following pairs of parts of a flowering plant is epidermis absent?

1. Root tip and shoot tip.
2. Shoot bud and floral bud.
3. Ovule and seed.
4. Petiole and pedicel Maim.

Q62. Four radial vascular bundles are found in:

1. Dicot root.
2. Monocot root.
3. Dicot stem.
4. Monocot stem.

Q63. The cells of the quiescent centre are characterised by:

1. Dividing regularly to add to tunica.
2. Having dense cytoplasm and prominent nuclei.
3. Having light cytoplasm and small nuclei.
4. Dividing regularly to add to the corpus.

Q64. Periderm is composed of of:

1. Cork cambium.
2. Cork and secondary cortex.
3. Cork and cork cambium.
4. Cork, cork cambium and secondary cortex.

Q65. The apical meristem of the root is present.

1. In all the roots.
2. Only in radicals.
3. Only in tap roots.
4. Only in adventitious roots.

Q66. Passage cells are thin walled cells found in:

1. Endodermis of roots facilitating rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle.
2. Phloem elements that serve as entry points for substances for transport to other plant parts.
3. Testa of seeds to enable emergence of growing embryonic axis during seed germination.
4. Central region of style through which the pollen tube grows towards the ovary

Q67. Which exposed wood will decay faster?

1. Sapwood.
2. Softwood.
3. Wood with lot of fibres.
4. Heartwood.

Q69. Which of the following is not a feature of spring wood?

1. Colour of the wood is light.
2. Density is less.
3. Cambium is active.
4. Lesser number of xylary elements.

Q70. A transverse section of stem is stained first with safranin and then with fast green following the usual schedule of
double staining for the preparation of a permanent slide. What would be the colour of the stained xylem and
phloem?

1. Red and green.
2. Green and red.
3. Orange and yellow.
4. Purple and orange.

Q71. In endarch condition of xylem, protoxylem lies __ of metaxylem.

1. On inner side.
2. On outer side.
3. Both on inner and outer side.
4. In centre.

Q72. Which of the following statements is true?

1. Vessels are multicellular with narrow lumen.
2. Tracheids are multicellular with narrow lumen.
3. Vessels are unicellular with wide lumen.
4. Tracheids are unicellular with wide lumen.

Q73. Axillary bud and terminal bud are derived from the activity of:

1. Lateral meristem.
2. Intercalary meristem.
3. Apical meristem.
4. Parenchyma.

Q74. Lateral roots originate from:

1. Epidermis.
2. Pericycle.
3. Endodermis.
4. Cortex.

Q75. The chief water conducting elements of xylem in gymnosperms are:

1. Tracheids.
2. Fibres.
3. Transfusion tissue.
4. None of these.

Q76. Bordered pits are found in:

1. Sieve cells.
2. Vessel wall.
3. Companion cells.
4. Sieve tube wall.

Q77. Periderm is produced by:

1. Vascular cambium.
2. Fascicular cambium.
3. Phellogen.
4. Intrafascicular cambium.

Q78. The innermost layer of cortex which shows casparian thickenings in its cells is called as:

1. Epidermis
2. Endodermis
3. Pericycle
4. Exodermis

Q79. What is the fate of primary xylem in a dicot root showing extensive secondary growth?

1. It is retained in the centre of the axis.
2. It gets crushed.
3. May or may not get crushed.
4. If gets surrounded by primary phloem.

Q80. Walls of sclerenchyma are:

1. Rigid
2. Lignified
3. Pectinised
4. Suberised

Q81. Which of the following helps in the curling of the leaf surface?

1. Bulliform cells.
2. Xylem tissue.
3. Palisade parenchyma.
4. Bundle sheath cells.

Q82. Pericycle of roots produces.

1. Mechanical support.
2. Lateral roots.
3. Vascular bundles.
4. Adventitious buds.

Q83. Which of the following layer is present nearest of plasma membrane in plant cell?

1. Tonoplast.
2. Middle lamella.
3. Secondary wall.
4. Primary wall.

Q84. Collenchyma differs from parenchyma in having.

1. Pectin deposits at corners.
2. Vacuoles.
3. Cellulose walls.
4. living protoplasm.

Q85. Which of the following does not have stomata?

1. Submerged hydrophytes.
2. Mesophytes.
3. Hydrophytes.
4. None of these.

Q86. A bicollateral vascular bundle is characterised by:

1. Phloem being sandwitched between xylem.
2. Transverse splitting of vascular bundle.
3. Longitudinal splitting of vascular bundle.
4. Xylem being sandwitched between phloem.

Q87. At maturity which of the following is enucleate?

1. Sieve cell.
2. Companion cell.
3. Palisade cell.
4. Cortical cell

Q88. Pith is very well developed in:

1. Monocot root and monocot stem.
2. Monocot root and dicot root.
3. Dicot root and monocot stem.
4. Monocot root and dicot stem

Q89. Quiescent centre is present in the.

1. Apical meristem
2. Shoot meristem
3. Lateral meristem
4. Root meristem

Q90. The length of different internodes in a culm of sugarcane is variable because of:

1. Shoot apical meristem.
2. Position of axillary buds.
3. Size of leaf lamina at the node below each internode.
4. Intercalary meristem.

Q91. Function of companion cells is:

1. Loading of sucrose into sieve elements.
2. Providing water to phloem.
3. Loading of sucrose into sieve elements by passive transport.
4. Providing energy to sieve elements for active transport.

Q92. Heartwood differs from sapwood in:

1. Presence of rays and fibres.
2. Absence of vessels and parenchyma.
3. Having dead and non-conducting elements.
4. Being susceptible to pests and pathogens.

Q93. A conjoint and open vascular bundle will be observed in the transverse section of:

1. Monocot root.
2. Monocot stem.
3. Dicot root.
4. Dicot stem.

Q94. Identify the simple tissue from among the following.

1. Parenchyma.
2. Xylem.
3. Epidermis.
4. Phloem.

Q95. Some vascular bundles are described as open because these:

1. Are not surrounded by pericycle.
2. Are surrounded by pericycle but no endodermis.
3. Are capable of producing secondary xylem and phloem.
4. Possess conjunctive tissue between xylem and phloem.

Q96. Collenchyma occurs in the stem and petioles of:

1. Xerophytes.
2. Monocots.
3. Dicot herbs.
4. Hydrophytes.

Q97. A narrow layer of thin walled cells found between phloem/ bark and wood of a dicot is:

1. Cork cambium.
2. Vascular cambium.
3. Endodermis.
4. Pericycle.

Q98. Roots develop from which part of seed?

1. Plumule.
2. Cotyledons.
3. Radicle.
4. Endosperm

Q99. What is the name of the whorl containing colourful parts of flower?

1. Petal.
2. Sepal.
3. Calyx.
4. Corolla.

Q100. Phellogen and phellem respectively denote.

1. Cork cambium and cork.
2. Cork and cork cambium.
3. Secondary cortex and cork.
4. Cork and secondary cortex.

Q101. Closed vascular bundles lacks.

1. Pith
2. Xylem
3. Cambium
4. Xylem vessels

Q103. What is true about a monocot leaf?

1. Reticulate venation.
2. Absence of bulliform cells from epidermis.
3. Mesophyll not differentiated into palisade and spongy tissues.
4. Well diffferentiated mesophyll.

Q104. Angular collenchyma occurs in:

1. Cucurbita.
2. Tagetes.
3. Althaea.
4. Salvia.

Q105. Stem develops from:

1. Radicle
2. Cotyledon
3. Mesocarp
4. Plumule

Q106. What is not true about sclereids?

1. These are parenchyma cells with thickened lignified walls.
2. These are elongated and flexible with tapered ends.
3. These are commonly found in the shells of nuts and in the pulp of guava, pear etc.
4. These are also called the stone cells.

Q107. The cork cambium, cork and secondary cortex are collectively called:

1. Periderm.
2. Phelloderm.
3. Phellogen.
4. Phellem.

Q108. Vascular tissues in flowering plants develop from:

1. Phellogen.
2. Plerome.
3. Periblem.
4. Dermatogen.

Q109. Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are formed due to:

1. Cell division.
2. Cell differentiation.
3. Cell dedifferentiation.
4. Redifferentiation.

Q110. Endodermis cells are rich in:

1. Cellulose
2. Starch grains
3. Fibers
4. Resins and wax

Q111. Epiblema of roots is equivalent to:

1. Pericycle.
2. Endodermis.
3. Epidermis.
4. Sele.

Q112. What is the name of the modified root in turnip?

1. Prop root.
2. Tap root.
3. Tubour.
4. Pneumatophore.

Q113. Which of the cells is enucleate at maturity?

1. Palisade cell.
2. Companion cells.
3. Sieve tube.
4. Cortical cell.

Q114. When we peel the skin of a potato tuber, we remove:

1. Periderm.
2. Epidermis.
3. Cuticle.
4. Sapwood.

Q115. For union between stock and scion in grafting which one is the first to occur?

1. Formation of callus.
2. Production of plasmodesmata.
3. Differentiation of new vascular tissues.
4. Regeneration of cortex and epidermis.